A Study of Lyme Disease in New Jersey essays

A Study of Lyme Disease in New Jersey essays Just by living in the world, human beings are susceptible to disease. Many diseases for example, influenza and tuberculosis are spread when bacteria or viruses pass from one person to another. Other diseases are acquired genetically from ones parents, such as cystic fibrosis. Some diseases, such as heart disease and osteoporosis, develop as humans age. Others humans get from the environment; examples are lead poisoning and skin cancer due to exposure to the sun. Finally, there are diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans. Lyme disease is one such disease. Cases of Lyme disease, which is transmitted to humans and pets by the bite of a tick, are steadily increasing in areas such as the Northeast region of the United States. At present, there is no vaccine for humans; the best way to prevent Lyme disease is to take precautions against being bitten by a tick and allowing the tick to remain attached to the skin long enough for the infection to be transmitted. The story of Lyme disease in the United States began in 1975, when two mothers, Polly Murray and Judith Mensch, alarmed by the great number of cases of joint inflammation in the their communities of Lyme and Ease Haddam, Connecticut, contacted public health authorities (7:5). The health department contacted Allen Steere and his colleagues at Yale University, in New Haven. Steere believed the outbreak may provide a clue about the infectious agent or environmental toxin that was responsible for arthritis (2:26). One early observation made by Steere was an association between the arthritis and a prior skin rash. A connection was then made between this rash and a similar one called erythema migrans, which comes from the bite of the sheep tick, Ixodes ricinus and is frequently found in northern Europe (7:5). After field studies and patient surveys were carried out the researchers released three essential findings which later led to the discovery...

Glyptodon Facts and Figures

Glyptodon Facts and Figures Name: Glyptodon (Greek for carved tooth); also known as the Giant Armadillo; pronounced GLIP-toe-don Habitat: Swamps of South America Historical Epoch: Pleistocene-Modern (two million-10,000 years ago) Size and Weight: About 10 feet long and one-ton Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Huge, armored dome on the back; squat legs; short head and neck About Glyptodon One of the most distinctive- and comical-looking- megafauna mammals of prehistoric times, Glyptodon was essentially a dinosaur-sized armadillo, with a huge, round, armored carapace, stubby, turtle-like legs, and a blunt head on a short neck. As many commentators have pointed out, this Pleistocene mammal looked a bit like a Volkswagen Beetle, and tucked up under its shell it would have been virtually immune to predation (unless an enterprising meat-eater figured out a way to flip Glyptodon onto its back and dig into its soft belly). The only thing Glyptodon lacked was a clubbed or spiked tail, a feature evolved by its close relative Doedicurus (not to mention the dinosaurs that most resembled it, and which lived tens of millions of years earlier, Ankylosaurus and Stegosaurus). Discovered in the early 19th century, the type fossil of Glyptodon was initially mistaken for a specimen of Megatherium, aka the Giant Sloth, until one enterprising naturalist (braving howls of laughter, no doubt) thought to compare the bones with those of a modern armadillo. Once that simple, if bizarre, kinship was established, Glyptodon went by a bewildering variety of vaguely comical names - including Hoplophorus, Pachypus, Schistopleuron, and Chlamydotherium - until the English authority Richard Owen finally bestowed the name that stuck, Greek for carved tooth. The South American Glyptodon survived well into early historical times, only going extinct about 10,000 years ago, shortly after the last Ice Age, along with most its fellow megafauna mammals from around the world (such as Diprotodon, the Giant Wombat, from Australia, and Castoroides, the Giant Beaver, from North America). This huge, slow-moving armadillo was probably hunted to extinction by early humans, who would have prized it not only for its meat but also for its roomy carapace - theres evidence that the earliest settlers of South America sheltered from the snow and rain under Glyptodon shells!